What is the role of neutrophils in gingival crevicular fluid against plaque biofilms?

• A. Neutrophils are recruited to the gingival crevice, release antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, and help control biofilm growth.
• B. Neutrophils form the biofilm matrix.
• C. Neutrophils produce antibodies against biofilms.
• D. Neutrophils have no role in the crevice.

Answer: (D)

Neutrophils in gingival crevicular fluid act as the first line of defense against dental plaque biofilms. When the biofilm begins to form in the gingival sulcus, signals from bacteria and host tissues recruit neutrophils from the blood into the crevice. Once present, they employ multiple antimicrobial strategies: degranulation releasing antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, production of reactive oxygen species, and phagocytosis of bacteria. They can also form neutrophil extracellular traps that trap and help kill microbes within the biofilm. This rapid response helps limit biofilm growth and maintain the health of the periodontal tissues. While neutrophil activity is protective, excessive or chronic neutrophil activation can contribute to tissue inflammation and damage seen in periodontal disease.